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Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 22, 2001 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Hacia una clasificación psicosocial de las normas

Toward a psychosocial classification of norms

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Pages 227-242 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

La hipótesis principal de este trabajo es que las personas en la vida cotidiana elaboran representaciones de las normas utilizando tres criterios: en qué medida la norma está de acuerdo con sus principios personales, cuál es la probabilidad de recibir una sanción formal cuando se transgrede, y el grado en que su grupo d referencia desaprueba dicha transgresión. Partiendo de esta hipótesis se ha desarrollado una tipología sobre diferentes “representaciones normativas”: leyes legítimas, leyes coercitivas, leyes ilegítimas, prescripciones, normas personales, costumbres y no-normas. Los resultados de tres estudios mostraron que las personas utilizan los criterios propuestos para representars e distinto tipo de normas (Estudio 1, 168 participantes), y que la representación de dichas normas presenta diferencias en dos aspectos fundamentales: el grado en que se cumplen (Estudio 2, 106 participantes) y las actitudes que provocan en las personas que tienen que cumplirlas (Estudio 3, 68 participantes). Se concluye que la tipología puede ser de gran utilidad a la hora de tomar decisiones relacionadas con la creación y el cambio de normas.

Abstract

The main hypothesis in this research work is that in their everyday life people form representations of norms by following three criteria: 1) when there is agreement between the norm and their personal principles; 2) when there is the probability of being formally sanctioned (e.g., by receiving a fine) if they transgress it; and 3) when their reference group disapproves such transgression. On the basis of this hypothesis, we have developed a typology of different “normative representations”. This would include legitimate laws, coercive laws, illegitimate laws, injunctions, personal norms, customs and non-norms. The results of three studies show that people use the proposed criteria to represent different types of norms (Study 1, 168 participants). The representation of these norms presents differences in two fundamental aspects: the extent to which the norms are fulfilled (Study 2, 106 participants), and the attitudes they elicit in people that must fulfil them (Study 3, 68 participants). It is concluded that this typology might be very useful regarding decisions about creating and changing norms.

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