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Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 29, 2008 - Issue 2
204
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Original Articles

Lateralización cerebral en chimpancés: una aproximación filogenética al estudio del cerebro humano

Cerebral lateralization in chimpanzees: A phylogenetic approach to the study of the human brain

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Pages 147-161 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El estudio de la lateralización cerebral de los primates no humanos resulta esencial para comprender nuestra hominización cerebral y cognitiva, así como la filogenia del lenguaje humano. En relación a nuestros parientes más cercanos, hoy día no existe un consenso en determinar si los chimpancés muestran asimetrías funcionales homologas a las del ser humano. Uno de los comportamientos que más controversia ha generado en las últimas décadas es el de la dominancia manual. A través de esta consideración se hace una amplia revisión sobre los principales modelos teóricos continuistas, rupturistas y de integración, además de exponer las implicaciones evolutivas y cognitivas que la lateralización ha tenido en el cerebro humano. El estudio comparado del comportamiento animal desde una perspectiva etológico-psicológica resulta fundamental para poder entender el proceso de hominización conductual y cerebral, aportando un punto de vista causal, funcional, ontogenético y evolutivo sobre el cerebro.

Abstract

The study of cerebral lateralization in non-human primates is essential to understand humans' cerebral and cognitive hominization as well as language phylogeny. With respect to our closest relative, there is currently no consensus on whether chimpanzees show functional asymmetries comparable to those in humans'. One of the behaviours that has generated more controversy in the last decades is handedness. From this approach, the paper undertakes an extensive review on the main theoretical models: continuist, ‘rupturist’, and integrative. The evolutionary and cognitive implications of handedness on the human brain are also discussed. The comparative study of animal behaviour from an ethological-psychological perspective is considered essential to understand the behavioural and cerebral hominization process, providing a causal, functional, ontogenetic, and evolutionary viewpoint of the brain.

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