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Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 33, 2012 - Issue 3
205
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Original Articles

Lesiones deportivas: un modelo psicológico aplicado

Athletic injuries: An applied psychological model

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Pages 359-369 | Received 06 Mar 2012, Accepted 08 Jun 2012, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El objetivo del trabajo es proponer un modelo psicológico explicativo de estrés-lesión deportiva alternativo. Existen diferentes modelos que explican la relación entre variables psicológicas y lesiones deportivas, destacando el Modelo de Estrés y Lesión Deportiva de Andersen y Williams y su revisión. En el actual trabajo se plantea un modelo alternativo a ambos modificando tres aspectos: la historia de estresores del deportista, la valoración cognitiva que realiza de la situación estresora y sus recursos de afrontamiento. Participaron 255 deportistas amateurs y semi-profesionales que competían en deportes individuales, colectivos y de contacto (52.5% hombres), de entre 12 y 36 años (media = 18.04 y DT = 4.19). Se comprobó la viabilidad del modelo mediante un Análisis de Ecuaciones Estructurales, obteniendo unos adecuados índices de ajuste (NFI = 0.951; TLI = 0.962; CFI = 0.977; RMSEA = 0.064), que permiten sustentar la propuesta y confirmar el papel relevante de las habilidades de control del estrés como variable mediadora respecto a las lesiones deportivas.

Abstract

The aim of this research is to propose an alternative explanatory psychological model of stress-athletic injury. There are a variety of different psychological models that explain the relationship between psychological variables and athletic injuries, but the main model is Andersen and Williams' Psychological Moodel of Stress and Athletic Injury and its review. The present paper proposes an alternative model, modifying three aspects: athletes' history of stressors; their cognitive appraisal of the stressful situation; and their coping skills. 255 amateur and semi-professional athletes from individual, team and contact sports took part in this study (52.5% men), between 12 and 36 years (mean = 18.04 and SD = 4.19). The viability of the model was verified through a Structural Equation Model. Suitable fit indexes were obtained. (NFI = 0.951; TLI = 0.962; CFI = 0.977; RMSEA = 0.064). These results support the proposal model and confirm the relevant of the role of coping skills as a mediating variable regarding athletic injuries.

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