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Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 16, 1995 - Issue 54
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Original Articles

La atribución causal y la predicción del logro escolar: patrones causales, dimensionales y emocionales

Causal attribution and the prediction of academic achievement: Causal, dimensional and emotional patterns

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Pages 3-22 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

La teoría de la atribución causal explica la conducta de logro futura en base al resultado de logro previo, las características de las atribuciones causales sobre el resultado (causas y dimensiones causales) y las consecuencias psicológicas de la atribución (emociones experimentadas). Se aplica esta teoría al análisis del logro escolar futuro, medido por las calificaciones, considerando como determinantes el resultado previo (éxito/fracaso), las causas, las puntuaciones en dimensiones causales y las emociones experimentadas. Se obtienen los rasgos atribucionales significativos en dimensiones causales y causas singulares, y las emociones experimentadas que caracterizan las relaciones entre éxito y fracaso previo y futuro. Las mejoras relativas globales de las calificaciones aparecen ligadas con las puntuaciones dimensionales menos estables, intencionales y globales (grupo inferior de puntuaciones dimensionales) y más internas y controlables (grupo superior de puntuaciones dimensionales), y en el caso del éxito, se relacionan con causas y emociones negativas. Estos patrones obtenidos tienen utilidad para su aplicación en el diagnóstico atribucional del rendimiento escolar y en orientación educativa.

Abstract

The causal attribution theory explains future achievement behaviour on the basis of previous achievement outcome, the characteristics of causal attribution of the outcome (causes and dimensions) and some psychological consequences (experienced emotions). This theory is applied to the analysis of future academic achievement, operationalized by academic marks, employing as determinants previous outcome (success/failure), causes atributed, scores in causal dimensions and experienced emotions. The meaningful experienced emotions and attributional features (causal dimensions and singular causes) which characterize the relationship between previous and future success and failure are obtained. The total relative improvements in marks are related with less stable, intentional and global (the lower group in causal dimension scores) and more internal and controllable (the higher group in causal dimension scores), and, in the case of success, they are related to negative causes and emotions. The obtained patterns could be useful for implementation in an attributional diagnosis of academic achievement and educational orientation.

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