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Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 18, 1997 - Issue 58
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Original Articles

Falsas memorias en el recuerdo y reconocimiento de Palabras

False memories in the recall and recognition of words

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Pages 3-13 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

En esta investigación se estudian las falsas memorias en el recuerdo y reconocimiento de listas de palabras fuertemente asociadas a una palabra crítica no presentada. Sólo la mitad de los sujetos hicieron recuerdo tras la presentación de cada lista, pero todos ellos respondieron posteriormente a una prueba de reconocimiento que incluía palabras presentadas, críticas y distractoras. Los sujetos recordaron las palabras críticas no presentadas en el 38% de los casos, las reconocieron en más del 70% de la ocasiones y atribuyeron el origen de sus respuestas a la presencia de las palabras críticas en las listas. Casi todas las palabras críticas producidas en el recuerdo previo fueron posteriormente reconocidas, mientras que las no producidas sólo se reconocieron en la mitad de las ocasiones. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados y se plantean diversas interpretaciones para el fenómeno de las falsas memorias.

Abstract

The present experiment examined false memories in the recall and recognition of lists of words associated with a critical nonstudied item. Half of the subjects received a free recall test immediately after the presentation of each list. However, all the subjects were later given a recognition test including studied words, critical lures, and distractors. The critical lures were recalled 38% of the time, recognized on more than 70% of the occasions, and the subjects attributed the source of their answers to the presentation of the critical lures in the lists. Most of the critical lures reproduced in the previous recall later recognized, while only half of the time were the nonproduced critical words were recognized. Result implications are discussed and some interpretations are argued for this false memory phenomenon.

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