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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 27, 2012 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Si los exogrupos son solidarios, entonces son humanos. El efecto de un contexto prosocial en la infrahumanización

If outgroups are solidary, then they are human. The effect of prosocial context on infrahumanisation

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Pages 131-140 | Received 23 Feb 2011, Accepted 28 Oct 2011, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Los estudios sobre infrahumanización muestran que hay una sólida tendencia a privar a los exogrupos de la capacidad de experimentar emociones secundarias en comparación con las emociones primarias. Estos resultados han sido apoyados en diferentes investigaciones, sin embargo, aún desconocemos si existen condiciones en las que se atenúe esta tendencia. El objetivo de este estudio es doble. Por un lado, determinar si la contextualización del exogrupo en un escenario de solidaridad hacia otro grupo da lugar a una representación más humana del mismo y, por otro, verificar si se atenúa la infrahumanización. Para ello se construyeron tres relatos. En el primero se hacía una descripción de las costumbres de un exogrupo, los alemanes, destacando su laboriosidad y simpatía. En el segundo se les describía acogiendo a refugiados de la guerra de los Balcanes. Finalmente, se presentaba un texto referido a la solidaridad en general sin alusión específica a los alemanes. En un experimento diseñado en dos fases, los participantes debían primero atribuir sentimientos y emociones al exogrupo y, a continuación, responder a una tarea de decisión léxica que registraba la fuerza de asociación de los sentimientos con el endogrupo y el exogrupo. Los resultados muestran que los escenarios de solidaridad intergrupal contribuyen a humanizar la representación del exogrupo y a reducir la tendencia a infrahumanizarlo.

Abstract

Infrahumanisation studies have shown that people use the ability to experience secondary emotions, compared to primary emotions, as a characteristic that discriminates outgroups. This result has been widely supported in an extensive range of research work. However, we still do not know if under certain conditions this tendency is mitigated. The aim of this study is twofold. On the one hand, to determine whether a solidarity intergroup context results in a more human representation of outgroups, and on the other hand to verify if infrahumanisation bias is mitigated. For this purpose, three vignettes were elaborated. The first included a description of an outgroup, the German people, emphasising their laboriousness and charm. The second described them taking in refugees from the Balkan War. Finally, a text dealing with solidarity in general, without specific reference to the German people, was presented. In a two-step experimental design, first participants had to attribute secondary and primary emotions to the outgroup, and then answer a lexical decision task that registered the strength of association of secondary emotions with the ingroup and outgroup. The results show that the vignettes of intergroup solidarity contribute to humanising the representation of the outgroup and to reduce infrahumanisation bias.

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