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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 28, 2013 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Cognición social en el síndrome de Williams

Social cognition in Williams syndrome

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Pages 349-360 | Received 11 Jan 2013, Accepted 27 Mar 2013, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Frente a una concepción neuropsicológica estática, que entiende la arquitectura cognitiva como un conjunto de sistemas específicos de funcionamiento independiente de origen innato, este trabajo asume una perspectiva neu-roconstructivista, que contempla la especialización y localización progresiva de las funciones, enfatizando la necesidad de atender desde el desarrollo a los distintos niveles de explicación del funcionamiento psicológico, y en el que la relación con las bases genéticas o neurobiológicas también va a estar mediada por un ambiente dinámico. Desde estos argumentos se revisa la evidencia experimental sobre el funcionamiento de las personas con síndrome de Williams (SW) en distintos aspectos vinculados con la cognición social (competencias mentalistas, procesamiento de rostros y lenguaje). Se concluye en contra de la propuesta de que el perfil psicológico de las personas con SW evidencia la existencia de un módulo para la cognición social, se sugiere la necesidad de atender a las trayectorias de desarrollo y se plantean algunas implicaciones del modelo para la intervención psicológica.

Abstract

A static neuropsychological model understands cognitive architecture as a set of specific independent functioning systems of innate origin. Far from this perspective, the here presented work holds a neuroconstructivist approach. This approach considers a progressive specialization and localization of functions by emphasizing the need of focusing on development in the different levels of explanation of psychological functioning, in which relationships with genetic and neurobiological bases are to be mediated by a dynamic environment. Considering this perspective, the experimental data on Williams syndrome (WS) regarding several aspects related to social cognition (theory of mind, face processing and language) are reviewed. Conclusions are drawn against the proposal that the psychological profile of individuals with WS constitutes an evidence of the existence of a module for social cognition. The need of taking into account developmental trajectories is suggested, and some implications for psychological intervention are proposed.

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