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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 14, 1999 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Determinantes psicosociales de la experiencia de soledad

Psycho-social aspects of the experience of loneliness

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Pages 55-65 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El estilo de vida actual propicia que las personas se sientan cada vez más solas y vean mermada su calidad de vida. Habitualmente las investigaciones han destacado factores objetivos (cantidad de relaciones sociales, tiempo que duran, número de amigos…), subjetivos (calidad de la interacción) y autoevaluativos (sentimientos de felicidad, timidez, abandono…). Sin embargo, los aspectos psicosociales han sido menos relacionados con la soledad, especialmente la autoeficacia percibida ante situaciones de interacción social. Así, se estudia en una muestra de jóvenes la influencia de la autoeficaciapercibida en la autovaloración del sujeto al enfrentarse a experiencias afectivas y de tarea y cómo tales experiencias originan sentimientos de soledad y ausencia de conductas interactivas. Los resultados indican que la autoineficacia determina más significativamente el sentimiento de soledad que la autoevaluación. Igualmente, se constata la ausencia de relación entre índices objetivos y subjetivos de soledad. Es decir, una persona no se siente más sola cuando tiene pocas y cortas interacciones sociales, pocos amigos, etc., sino cuando no se cree capaz de abordar aquellas situaciones sociales que eviten la soledady mejoren así su calidad de vida.

Abstract

Today's lifestyle makes people feel more and more lonely, with a consequent reduction in their quality of life. Research has usually highlighted objective factors (number of social relationships, the time they last, number of friends…), subjective factors (quality of the interaction) and self-evaluational factors (feelings of happiness, shyness, feeling abandoned…). However, the psychosocial aspects have been related to loneliness to a lesser degree, especially perceived self-efficacy in situations of social interaction. Thus in a sample of young people a study was made of the influence of perceived self-efficacy in the self-assessment of the subject when facing affective and task experiences and how these experiences give rise to feelings of loneliness and absence of interactive behaviour. The results indicate that self-inefficacy determines the feeling of loneliness more significantly than self-evaluation. Likewise, the absence of a relationship between the objective and subjective indices of loneliness are confirmed. That is, a person does not feel more lonely when he/she has social interactions that are few and of short duration, few friends, etc., but rather when he/she does not feel capable of tackling those social situations that would prevent loneliness and thus improve quality of life.

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