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Culture and Education
Cultura y Educación
Volume 14, 2002 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

La importancia de la cultura para la teoría de la mente: la alternativa narrative

The importance of culture for a theory of mind: A narrative alternative

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Pages 147-159 | Received 01 Dec 2000, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Se revisan en este artículo algunos de los postulados de la Teoría de la Mente que han conseguido focalizar la atención sobre las habilidades humanas para interpretar los estados mentales como procesos más puramente cognitivos que sociales, contrastándolos con las tesis socioculturalespara el estudio de la construcción del conocimiento social interpersonal. Desde este último enfoque se propone, por un lado, utilizar modelos como el de formato, rutina o guión como unidades de análisis para la representación mental del mundo de las intenciones y las realizaciones interpersonales, y por otro, se sostiene que todo proceso de construcción del conocimiento se sitúa en el contexto de una cultura. Ambas condiciones se cumplen en el modelo del pensamiento narrativo de Bruner. Desde este enfoque es posible abordar los fenómenos que se originan en la microcultura de los iguales, como el fenómeno de la violencia, que hay que intentar paliar mediante estrategias educativas que no sean incompatibles con la cultura escolar y sus formatos de actividady discurso. Se propone el concepto de interacción narrativa entre las mentes como un marco tanto para comprender los posibles orígenes y causas del complejo fenómeno de la violencia interpersonalentre escolares, como para proponer estrategias educativas útiles para su prevención.

Abstract

Some of the fundamental principles of Theory of Mind have managed to focus our attention on human's ability to interpret mental states as processes that are more purely cognitive than social. The paper reviews and compares them with sociocultural theses for studying the construction of interpersonal social knowledge. From this last approach, we propose, on the one hand, to use as units of analysis models such as format, routine, and script for the cognitive representation of intentions and interpersonal behaviour, and on the other, we maintain that all knowledge construction processes take place within a cultural context. These two conditions are contemplated in Bruner's model of narrative thought. From this approach, it is possible to address the phenomena that take place in the peers micro-culture, such as the violence phenomenon, and which it is necessary to palliate through educational strategies that are not incompatible with the school culture, and its activity and discourse formats. We propose the concept of narrative interaction between minds as framework both to understand the possible origins and causes of the complex phenomenon of interpersonal violence at school, and to develop useful strategies to prevent it.

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