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Culture and Education
Cultura y Educación
Volume 21, 2009 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

El sistema familiar ante el divorcio: factores de riesgo y protección y programas de intervención

The family system upon divorce: Risk and protective factors and intervention programmes

Pages 391-402 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El divorcio implica cambios en la estructura del sistema familiar, cambios a los que se llega tras un proceso de conflicto destructivo, más o menos duradero. No obstante, el divorcio no siempre supone la terminación del conflicto en la familia, y la pervivencia de éste tiene importantes implicaciones en diferentes ámbitos de la vida de los hijos. En este artículo se revisarán, además del conflicto, otros factores de riesgo de la influencia del divorcio en padres e hijos, y factores de protección, como unas adecuadas pautas educativas de los padres, la sintonía y el clima emocional entre ellos. Éstos, junto con la observación directa de la forma en que los padres resuelven sus diferencias, son potentes elementos que deben tenerse en cuenta en la ecuación de los efectos sobre los hijos. Se presentan diversos programas de intervención que contribuyen al ajuste de los niños, al tiempo que se analiza el papel de la escuela como un recurso para una mejor adaptación.

Abstract

Divorce implies changes in the family system, changes that take place after a process of more or less lasting destructive conflict. But divorce does not always mean the end of conflict in the family, and its pervasiveness has important consequences in different aspects of children's lives. The paper will review, in addition to conflict, other risk factors of the influence of divorce on parents and children, and protective factors such as appropriate parental educational style and the synchrony and emotional climate between them. The latter, together with direct observations of the way parents solve their differences, are powerful elements that should be taken into account in the equation of the effects of divorce on children. Several intervention programmes contributing to children's adjustment are presented, and the role of schools as a resource to improve children's adaptation is also analysed.

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