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Abstract
In 2010, the authors undertook the analysis of a 19th-century assemblage of ceramics excavated in 2004 in the Venezuelan city of Barcelona. The pilot study was designed to address the hitherto underappreciated importance of South American evidence towards global studies of 19th-century British material culture. Analysis of the assemblage demonstrated that it contained a mid 19th-century household clearance component comprised of British-made ceramics. This article describes the basic typology of the household clearance component, and the scale of the replacement of Spanish-tradition materials with British-made ceramics in the post-independence period. Some preliminary conclusions based on this ongoing research are also offered.
This ceramics research was funded by a British Academy Small Grant in 2010. The original excavation was undertaken with the permission of the Mayoralty of Barcelona. The authors are grateful to José Miguel Pérez Gomez for his additional help and support while Dr Brooks was in Venezuela. The authors would like to thank PMA editors Paul Courtney and Jacqui Pearce, and their anonymous referee, for their help and support in bringing this paper to publication; we are particularly grateful to the editors for their support with the images.
Notes
1 Ewins 1997; Miller 1991; Miller & Earls 2008.
2 Brooks 2005; Croucher 2011; Klose & Malan 2000; Lawrence 2003a; Lucas 2006, 102–7.
3 Brooks 2005, 57–8; 2009, 294; Rodriguez Y. & Brooks forthcoming.
4 Brooks 2005, 57.
5 Rodríguez Y. 2004.
6 Brooks 2005, 22–4.
7 Lawrence 2003a.
8 Lombardi 1982, 77–8.
9 Rodríguez Y. 2004.
10 Schávelzon 2005.
11 Antczak et al. 2011.
12 Tarver & Frederick 2006, 50–3; Williamson 1992, 217–8.
13 Hughes 2010, 25–6.
14 Rodríguez O. 1998, 32, 109–11.
15 Racine 2003, 137.
16 Bolívar 2003, 16.
17 Tarver & Frederick 2006, 53.
18 Hughes 2010, 124–7.
19 Hughes 2010; Tarver & Frederick 2006, 54.
20 Tarver & Frederick 2006, 54–5; Williamson 1992, 222–8.
21 Tarver & Frederick 2006, 55–60.
22 Brooks 2005, 22–4.
23 e.g. McCarthy & Ward 2000, 113; Crook & Murray 2004, 51.
24 Godden 1991, 189.
25 Lockett & Godden 1989, 73.
26 Godden 1991, 173.
27 Coysh & Henrywood 1986, 143.
28 Barker 2002; Brooks 2005, 30.
29 The actual letters are apparently in the Hereford County Record Office’s Foxley Collection, and had not yet been examined by the project team at the time of writing.
30 Malbrán y Matilde Lanza 1997.
31 Schavelzon 2005, 199.
32 Lockett & Godden 1989, 38.
33 Lockett & Godden 1989, 31.
34 Tarver & Frederick 2006, 62–71.
35 Lombardi 1982, 160.
36 Racine 2003, 31–140.
37 Racine 2003, 93.
38 Lombardi 1982, 256; Racine 2003, 150.
39 Racine 2003, 150.
40 Schmidt 1995, 408.
41 McKendrick 1960, 413–15.
42 Tarver & Frederick 2006, 65.
43 Lynch 2006, 98.
44 Lombardi 1982, 166.
45 Lynch 2006, 147.
46 Hall 1825, 267–8.
47 Brooks 1994.
48 Rodríguez Y. & Brooks forthcoming.
49 Miller 1991.
50 Brooks 2003.
51 McKendrick 1960, 415–16.
52 Ewins 1997.
53 Funari 2007, 183.
54 Martín et al. forthcoming.
Calle Arismendi, Edif. Rebecca Suite, Piso 8 Apto. 8-B, Lechería, Estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela