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Articles

Size Matters: Measuring Debitage Area and Getting it Right with a Digital Scanner

Pages 46-70 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013
 

Abstract

Flakes come in all shapes and sizes and therefore, a true and precise measure of the flake area is notoriously challenging to produce. Archeologists have thus resorted to the use of a number of different tools to measure flake area but these methods lack accuracy and precision. This paper reviews the different methods developed for measuring flake area and proposes a novel method which allows a precise assessment of flake area using an optical scanner. This computer assisted measurement (CAM) is inexpensive, fast, accurate, and measures the flake area with a sub-millimetric precision. By examining data from flakes found on two sites on the Ottawa and Saint Lawrence Rivers, it becomes clear that this method is highly compatible with older methods, while providing researchers some much needed flexibility, detail and precision, as well as freeing them of the constraints of predetermined size classes.

Les éclats résultant du débitage lithique prennent toutes les formes et grandeurs. Ainsi, il est très difficile de déterminer de façon précise l'aire réelle d'un éclat. Les archéologues ont donc développé de nombreux outils et méthodes pour mesurer ces artefacts, mais ces outils sont imprécis. Cette étude révise l'ensemble des méthodes et outils développés dans le but de mesurer l'aire d'un éclat et souligne leurs forces et faiblesses respectives. Ensuite, nous présentons une nouvelle méthodologie qui permet, à l'aide d'un simple numériseur optique à plat, de mesurer de façon beaucoup plus précise l'aire d'un éclat. La méthode est simple, rapide, fiable et économique. Enfin, à l'aide de données archéologiques provenant de la vallée de l'Outaouais et du fleuve Saint-Laurent, il est démontré que cette nouvelle méthode offre flexibilité, précision et un niveau de détails inégalé aux archéologues.

Acknowledgements

Many thanks to Daniel Chevrier and les Entreprises Archéotec Inc, Michael Bisson Ph.D, André Costopoulos Ph.D., Colin Wren Ph.D. candidate and Safiya Simon (OSD) from McGill University, Adrian Burke Ph.D. and Claude Chapdelaine Ph.D. from l'Université de Montréal, Kenneth L. Kvamme Ph.D. from the University of Arkansas, Hydro-Québec, Fonds de recherche sur la société et la culture du Québec (FQRSC). I would also like to thank Andrew Bradbury and other anonymous reviewers for their well received comments. In addition, this project would not have been possible without the direct implication of Marcel Laliberté, le Laboratoire et la Réserve d'archéologie du Québec, le Centre de documentation en archéologie, The Canadian Museum of Civilization and La Pointe-du-Buisson, Musée québécois d'archéologie. À Julie, Jean-Benoît, Sophie-Claude et Amélie qui m'endurent dans mes folies. Je vous aime éperdument!

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Nicolas Cadieux

Nicolas Cadieux graduated from the University of Ottawa with a major in Classics and a Bachelor's degree in Education. He earned a M.Sc. in Anthropology from the Université de Montréal. Since 2004, he has been working as a CAD/GIS specialist for Archéotec inc., an archaeology consulting firm, and is currently pursuing a Ph.D. at McGill University in association with Archéotec inc. and McGill's Computational Archaeology Laboratory.

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