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Abstract
Lack of compliance with treatment represents a significant problem for physiotherapists in the treatment of chronic low back pain. A literature review was therefore performed in this area, with particular attention given to compliance with physiotherapy exercise and advice, given the generally positive evidence to support the effectiveness of these treatment modalities in the treatment of chronic low back pain. A variety of literature was reviewed in relation to the direct and indirect influences on compliance, including examination of the influence of exercise counselling, pain, patient attitudes and beliefs, self-efficacy, locus of control, stage of change and psychosocial issues. It was clear from this review that patient compliance with physiotherapy cannot simply be assumed. Very little literature was found on compliance with physiotherapy exercise and advice in the treatment of chronic low back pain, and further research is recommended in order to establish compliance within this patient group, and how best this can be improved.