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Articles

The development of the bottle kiln in pottery manufacture in Britain

Pages 201-226 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013
 

Abstract

This paper describes the types of bottle-shaped kiln used in the British pottery industry in the 1950s. It reviews the evidence of standing structures, archaeological fieldwork and documentary sources for their operation and antecedents. It concludes that their origins are to be found in developments of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, and that their widespread adoption was as much for cultural as for technical reasons.

This paper describes the types of bottle-shaped kiln used in the British pottery industry in the 1950s. It reviews the evidence of standing structures, archaeological fieldwork and documentary sources for their operation and antecedents. It concludes that their origins are to be found in developments of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, and that their widespread adoption was as much for cultural as for technical reasons.

Cet article décrit les différents types de fourbouteille ('four-hotte') utilisés par l'industrie céramique britannique au cours des années 50 du siècle dernier. Il analyse les informations tirées des structures qui ont survécu, de fouilles archéologiques et de sources documentaires sur l'opération et les antécédents de ces fours. Il est démontré que leurs origines remontent à des développements de la fin du 16e et du début du 17e siècle et que leur adoption généralisée était due à des motifs culturels autant que techniques.

Der Aufsatz beschreibt die verschiedenen Varianten des Flaschenofens, die in den 1950er Jahren in der britischen Keramikindustrie verwendet wurden. Er gibt einen Überblick über noch bestehende Strukturen, archäologische Untersuchungen im Gelände und dokumentarische Quellen für den Gebrauch dieser Öfen und ihrer Vorläufer. Er kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die Ursprünge in Entwicklungen des späten 16. und frühen 17. Jahrhunderts zu suchen sind und dass sie ihre weit verbreitete Anwendung gleichermaßen kulturellen wie technischen Gründen verdanken.

In questo studio vengono descritti i tipi di fornace a forma di bottiglia impiegati dall'industria britannica della ceramica negli anni '50 del secolo scorso. Vengono passate in rassegna le testimonianze delle strutture ancora esistenti, le ricerche archeologiche sul campo e le fonti documentarie riguardo al funzionamento e agli antecedenti. Si conclude che le loro origini risalgono al tardo XVI e ai primi del XVII secolo, e che la loro larga diffusione si deve tanto a ragioni culturali che tecniche.

En el presente estudio se describen los diferentes tipos de horno en forma de botella utilizados en la industria alfarera británica en la década de 1950. Asimismo, también se analizan sus antecedentes y forma de manejo a partir de los datos obtenidos en trabajos de campo arqueológicos, fuentes documentales y estructuras que sobreviven en la actualidad. El estudio llega a la conclusión de que sus orígenes se remontan a innovaciones introducidas a finales del siglo XVI y principios del XVII y que su adopción generalizada fue debida tanto a causas culturales como a motivos técnicos.

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