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Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
The Canadian Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science
Volume 51, 2012 - Issue 1
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Original Article

Modelling and kinetic analysis of boric acid extraction from ulexite in citric acid solutions

Pages 1-10 | Received 18 Feb 2011, Accepted 21 Jul 2011, Published online: 22 Nov 2013
 

Abstract

The dissolution rate of ulexite in citric acid solutions was determined and the effects of the process parameters were investigated in this study. Statistical design of the experiments and the analysis of variance were performed in order to determine the main effects and the interactions among the investigated factors. The effects of parameters such as the reaction temperature, citric acid concentration, solid/liquid ratio and the particle size on the dissolution of ulexite were determined in the conducted experiments. The ranges for the experimental parameters were as follows: leaching temperature, 40–80°C; citric acid concentration, 0·1–0·4M; solid/liquid ratio, 5–20% (w/v); particle size, (−1·7+0·85)−(−0·212) mm. It was determined that the B2O3 dissolution increased with an increase in the citric acid concentration and the leaching temperature, and with a decrease in the solid/liquid ratio and the particle size. A simple linear mathematical model has been developed in order to predict the amount of B2O3 extraction from ulexite concentrate for other operating conditions that were not directly tested. The optimum conditions within the selected parameter ranges were determined as 80°C for the leaching temperature, 5% (w/v) for the solid/liquid ratio, 0·4M for the citric acid concentration, −0·212 mm for the particle size and 15 min for the leaching time. Under the stated conditions, the B2O3 dissolution from ulexite in citric acid solution was determined as 97·28%.

Dans cette étude, on a déterminé la vitesse de dissolution de l’ulexite dans des solutions d’acide citrique et l’on a examiné l’effet des paramètres du procédé. On a effectué un plan d’expériences et l’analyse de variance afin de déterminer les principaux effets et les interactions entre les facteurs examinés. Dans les expériences effectuées, on a déterminé l’effet des paramètres comme la température de réaction, la concentration d’acide citrique, le rapport solide/liquide et la taille de particule, sur la dissolution de l’ulexite. La gamme des paramètres expérimentaux suit: température de lixiviation, 40–80°C; concentration d’acide citrique, 0.1–0.4 M; rapport solide/liquide, 5–20% (poids/v); taille de particule, (−1·7+0·85)−(−0·212) mm. On a déterminé que la dissolution du B2O3 augmentait avec une augmentation de la concentration d’acide citrique et de la température de lixiviation, et avec une diminution du rapport solide/liquide et de la taille de particule. On a développé un simple modèle mathématique linéaire afin de prédire la quantité d’extraction de B2O3 à partir du concentré d’ulexite pour d’autres conditions qui n’avaient pas été évaluées directement. On a déterminé que les conditions optimales dans la gamme choisie des paramètres étaient de 80°C pour la température de lixiviation, de 5% (poids/v) pour le rapport solide/liquide, de 0.4 M pour la concentration d’acide citrique, de −0.212 mm pour la taille de particule et de 15 min pour la durée de lixiviation. Sous ces conditions établies, on a déterminé que la dissolution de B2O3 à partir de l’ulexite dans une solution d’acide citrique était de 97.28%.

The author would like to thank I ˙ brahim Kayandan for kindly providing the ulexite sample and Eti Mine Bigadiç Boron Works, Balikesir, Turkey for XRD and XRF analysis performed.

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