CBCT analysis of bony changes associated with temporomandibular disorders

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) findings and joint space measurement in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and non-TMD joints, and to correlate these findings with the clinical diagnosis.

Methods: The study was conducted on patients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis or closed lock according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (Group IIb, IIc, and III). CBCT and clinical records of non-TMD patients who sought treatment for purposes other than TMD were used retrospectively as a control. The following radiographic criteria were assessed: flattening, osteophyte, Ely’s cyst, condylar surface irregularities, and joints’ space measurements.

Results: Osteoarthritic joints had significantly more condylar irregularities (P50.0), osteophytes (P50.0), and condylar flattening (P50.003) than non-TMD joints. Osteoarthritic joints had significantlymore superior surface irregularities (P50.0) and osteophytes (P50.006) than closed lock joints.Non-TMDjoints had significantlymore joint space (5.64+1.88) compared with osteoarthritic joints (4.57+1.97), (P50.025). The correlation among TMD, osteophytes, and flattening of the condylar surface was statistically significant (r50.331, Pv0.000).

Discussion: Cone-beam computerized tomography findings are significantly associated with the clinical diagnosis of TMD. Osteophytes and flattening of the condylar surface are common features of TMD.

Keywords:

• Temporomandibular joint
• Cone-beam computed tomography
• Temporomandibular disorders
• Osteoarthritis
• Closed lock