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British Journal of Orthodontics Volume 11, 1984 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Craniofacial Development: The Possible Mechanisms for Some Malformations

Katherine W. L. VigDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, USA
, B.D.S., F.D.S., D.Orth.R.C.S.,
Guillermo Millicovsky Senior Scientist and Teratologist, Ayerst Research Laboratories, Chazy, New York12921, USA
, Ph.D. &
Malcolm C. JohnstonDepartment of Anatomy and Orthodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27514, USA
, D.D.S., Ph.D.
Pages 114-118 | Published online: 21 Jun 2016
 
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Abstract

Normal craniofacial development is reviewed and some mechanisms in the fusion of mammalian facial ‘processes’ are discussed. The manipulation of environmental factors and effects of teratogens are related to genetic susceptibility of animal models, and extrapolated to craniofacial malformations in man.

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