202
Views
131
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Neurologic Effects of Manganese in Humans: A Review

Pages 153-163 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013
 

Abstract

Manganese, which enters the body primarily via inhalation, can damage the nervous system and respiratory tract, as well as have other adverse effects. Occupational exposures occur mainly in mining, alloy production, processing, ferro-manganese operations, welding, and work with agrochemicals. Among the neurologic effects is an irreversible parkinsonian-like syndrome. An estimated 500,000 to 1.5 million people in the United States have Parkinson's disease, and physicians need to consider manganese exposure in its differential diagnosis. Since 1837, there have been many reports of cases and case series describing manganese toxicity. More recently, there have been epidemiologic studies of its adverse effects on health. Occupational medicine physicians can play critical roles in preventing the adverse health effects of manganese.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.