A retrospective randomized study of asthma control in the US: results of the CHARIOT study

ABSTRACT

Background: The third version of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) Expert Panel Report (EPR-3): Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma emphasizes the need to use asthma control rather than patient severity to base adjustments to treatment and ultimately improve patient outcomes. The objectives of the current study were to assess control of patients with moderate-to-severe asthma, examine the natural history of the disease, practice patterns and resource utilization in specialty community practices according to recently reviewed NAEPP guidelines.

Research design and methods: This analysis represents a retrospective, multicenter, randomized study of 1009 patient charts in sixty United States allergy and pulmonary medicine community practices. The proportion of patients with controlled and uncontrolled asthma over 12 months, prevalence and characteristics of atopy, past asthma history, pulmonary function, medications and treatment patterns, patient and clinical practice characteristics were analyzed.

Main outcome measures: The primary outcome of interest was asthma control.

Results: A total of 365 male and 644 female patients with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma (mean 43.2 ± 17.1 years) were enrolled. 81.9% of patients were uncontrolled according to recent NAEPP guidelines. Importantly, a greater percentage of patients with moderate asthma vs. severe persistent asthma were uncontrolled (p < 0.0114). Atopy was detected in 92% of patients. Patients with early onset of asthma were associated with control (p < 0.0433). Atopic symptoms, such as allergic rhinitis (p < 0.0130) and rhinosinusitis (p < 0.0476), were associated with uncontrolled asthma. Uncontrolled patients were also associated with more medications (a mean of 4.05 ± 1.87 medications) than were controlled patients (a mean of 3.40 ± 1.37 medications (p < 0.0001), although the temporal relationship of this association was not recorded. Limitations may have included patient and/or study site selection bias and difficulty in the process of operationalizing the definitions of control and disease severity. Since the current study only examined patients from specialty practices, the results may not be generalizable to the overall asthma population.

Conclusions: Greater than 80% of asthma patients from specialty practices were uncontrolled with regard to asthma symptoms. Atopic symptoms, such as allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, in addition to a greater number of medications, were associated with uncontrolled asthma. Moreover, patients designated as having asthma of moderate severity were associated with being uncontrolled more than were those with severe asthma (p < 0.0114), which suggests that the former population may not have received adequate assessment of impairment or risk, with subsequent changes in treatment for control of symptoms.

Key words: :

• Asthma control
• CHARIOT
• Chart review
• Guidelines
• Severity

Acknowledgements

Declaration of interest: This study was supported by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp and Genentech Inc. The authors acknowledge the study design assistance of Renee Kim Kuan, PharmD, MPH, Arnold Consultancy & Technology LLC, and the information technology expertise of Richard Baldwin, epiSolve LLC, in developing the online CRF and databases. In addition, they acknowledge the help and constructive comments of Hollis Gold, Arnold Consultancy & Technology LLC, and Dr. Tom Peddicord, Novartis, during site recruitment, and Dr. Jennifer Sung and Ms. Helen Lau, Novartis, in study design.

Notes

* blood test to determine allergies

† specific IgE blood test that accurately detects allergens

‡ This test is done by placing a drop of a solution containing a possible allergen on the skin, and a series of scratches or needle pricks allows the solution to enter the skin. If the skin develops a red, raised itchy area (called a wheal), it usually means that the person is allergic to that allergen. This is called a positive reaction