Abstract
The retardancy effect of char formation upon the flammability of thermally thin products is investigated. The char is formed in a single-step non-competitive scheme and is assumed to be thermally stable. The criterion for ignition is that of a critical mass flux of volatiles from the solid into the as phase. Both steady-state and transient formulations of the model are considered. In the high activation energy limit the critical heat flux efficiency in the steady-state model is proportional to c/(1 _ c), where c is the fraction of char formed. In the transient model the efficiency in reducing the maximum heat release rate, average heat release rate, and total heat released is given by c and is independent of activation energy and heat flux. The specific application that we have in mind for our model is piloted ignition in the cone calorimeter.