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Psychological Inquiry
An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory
Volume 13, 2002 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

TARGET ARTICLE: Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind

C. R. Snyder
Pages 249-275 | Published online: 19 Nov 2009
 
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Abstract

Hope is defined as the perceived capability to derive pathways to desired goals, and motivate oneself via agency thinking to use those pathways. The adult and child hope scales that are derived from hope theory are described. Hope theory is compared to theories of learned optimism, optimism, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Higher hope consistently is related to better outcomes in academics, athletics, physical health, psychological adjustment, and psychotherapy. Processes that lessen hope in children and adults are reviewed. Using the hope theory definition, no evidence is found for "false" hope. Future research is encouraged in regard to accurately enhancing hope in medical feedback and helping people to pursue those goals for which they are best suited.

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The Additive Value of Positive Psychological Capital in Predicting Work Attitudes and Behaviors
Source: SAGE Publications
Positive psychological interventions for neurological disorders: A systematic review.
Source: Taylor & Francis
Parental Hope Communication and Parent-Adolescent Constructive Conflict Management: A Multilevel Longitudinal Analysis
Source: Informa UK Limited
Racial/Ethnic Identity, Religious Commitment, and Well-Being in African Americans:
Source: SAGE Publications
The experience of appraisal, coping and adaptive psychosocial adjustment following traumatic brain injury: a qualitative investigation.
Source: Informa UK Limited
Hope and Physical Exercise: The Contributions of Hope, Self-Efficacy, and Optimism in Accounting for Variance in Exercise Frequency:
Source: SAGE Publications
Hope for help-seeking: A positive psychology perspective of psychological help-seeking intentions.
Source: SAGE Publications
Subjective temporal trajectories for subjective well-being
Source: (:unav)
Examining the feasibility of the integrated hope scale in American college students
Source: Informa UK Limited
Is workplace bullying always perceived harmful? The cognitive appraisal theory of stress perspective
Source: Wiley
A reinforcement learning model of joy, distress, hope and fear
Source: Informa UK Limited
Evaluation of the Children’s Hope Scale in Serbian Adolescents: Dimensionality, Measurement Invariance Across Gender, Convergent and Incremental Validity
Source: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Hope and the Academic Trajectory of College Students
Source: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
On-Campus Social Support and Hope as Unique Predictors of Perceived Ability to Persist in College:
Source: SAGE Publications
The Impact of Hope, Optimism, and Resilience
Source: SAGE Publications
Stress among UK academics : identifying who copes best?
Source: Taylor & Francis
A Goal Congruity Model of Role Entry, Engagement, and Exit: Understanding Communal Goal Processes in STEM Gender Gaps
Source: SAGE Publications
Empowering group leaders encourages knowledge sharing: integrating the social exchange theory and positive organizational behavior perspective
Source: Emerald
Positive Psychology and Suicide Prevention: An Introduction and Overview of the Literature
Source: Springer International Publishing
Distinguishing Hope from Optimism and Related Affective States
Source: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The attributional Style Questionnaire
Source: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Fostering hope and career adaptability in children's career development
Source: Informa UK Limited
Paulo Freire and ‘the need for a kind of education in hope’
Source: Informa UK Limited
Psychosocial variables in outstanding performance
Source: Wiley
Why health expectations and hopes are different: the development of a conceptual model.
Source: Wiley
Exploring the communication effects of message framing of smoking cessation advertising on smokers’ mental processes
Source: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Targeting Social Messages with Emotions of Change: The Call for Optimism
Source: SAGE Publications
A Longitudinal Analysis of Positive Psychological Constructs and Emotions on Stress, Anxiety, and Well-Being
Source: SAGE Publications

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