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Abstract
This paper reviews issues related to the universality of PTSD in trauma practice, research, professional education, and training. It briefly reviews the development of PTSD to provide a historical context of the diagnosis in Western societies as well as its modification in clinical practice, using the stressor event of immigration as an example. Next, it illustrates cultural aspects of assessing the aftermath of trauma. Then it addresses culturally competent trauma practice so practitioners can further sharpen their awareness of clients' strengths and the potential for posttraumatic growth. Finally, the authors offer implications for clinical practice.
