Multibody Fusion Model to Explain Experimental Results

Abstract

Worldwide cold fusion experiments have given anomalous results with regard to levels of kilo-electronvolts per atom excess heat, ⁴He generation, level of emission of neutrons and tritons with a 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻⁷ neutron-to-triton yield ratio, and emission of high-energy charged particles, which cannot be explained by the known d + d fusion process. A previously proposed multibody deuteron fusion model in solids is elaborated further to explain these anomalous results. A transient dynamics in metal deutendes is proposed to generate close pairs and clusters of deuterons with time-dependent deep atomic potential inducing a strong screening effect on Coulomb barrier penetration. Very approximate numerical estimations of reaction rates for the competing 2D, 3D, and 4D fusion processes in PdD_x and TiD_x are obtained with high-level reaction rates enough to explain observed heat levels. Decay channels of virtual compound states, i.e., ⁴He*, ⁵Li*, ⁶Li*, ⁷Be*, and ⁸Be* by 2D, H + 2D, 3D, H + 3D, and 4D fusions, are discussed in detail to know the nuclear products. Major generation of ⁴He by H + 2D, 3D, H + 3D, and 4D processes are concluded. Identification of particle types and their specific released kinetic energies is given to explain measured charged-particle spectra by deuteron beam implantation experiments.