DOXO-EMCH (INNO-206): the first albumin-binding prodrug of doxorubicin to enter clinical trials

Abstract

The (6-maleimidocaproyl)hydrazone derivative of doxorubicin (DOXO-EMCH) is an albumin-binding prodrug of doxorubicin with acid-sensitive properties that demonstrates superior antitumor efficacy in murine tumor models and a favorable toxicity profile in mice, rats and dogs, including significantly reduced cardiotoxicity. After intravenous administration, DOXO-EMCH binds rapidly to the Cys-34 position of circulating albumin and accumulates in solid tumors due to passive targeting. In a clinical Phase I study, the dose of doxorubicin could be increased by a factor of 4.5 – 340 mg/m² when 75 mg/m² of free doxorubicin is considered to be the dose that can be administered as a single agent concomitant with the typical spectrum of side effects (i.e., myelotoxicity and mucositis). DOXO-EMCH was able to induce tumor regressions in anthracycline-sensitive tumors (i.e., breast cancer, small cell lung cancer and sarcoma). Phase II studies will be initiated at the beginning of 2007.

Keywords::

• (6-maleimidocaproyl)hydrazone derivative of doxorubicin
• anthracyclines
• anticancer prodrugs
• cancer chemotherapy
• DOXO-EMCH
• doxorubicin
• drug targeting

Acknowledgements

The support of the Mildred Scheel Stiftung of the Deutsche Krebshilfe is gratefully acknowledged.

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