Apremilast for the treatment of psoriasis

Abstract

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by dysregulation of the immune system and release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Drugs available for psoriasis show some limits as tolerability and route of administration. Apremilast, Otezla®, is an oral small molecule recently approved for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Compared to biologics that target a single cytokine, apremilast, degrading phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), interferes with cyclic anti-microbial peptides, which is involved in the transduction of intracellular signals, controlling the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals.

Areas covered: This review reported the latest data available from Phase I, II and III trials on apremilast for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. A focus on the clinical management of apremilast, safety and clinical efficacy based on two pivotal clinical trials (ESTEEM 1 and ESTEEM 2) currently ongoing was described. A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed Medline database for primary articles.

Expert opinion: Apremilast treatment was demonstrated effective and well tolerated in Phase II and III clinical trials. Several drug peculiarities, such as the low frequency of adverse events and the oral route of administration, make apremilast an innovative treatment for moderate-to-severe psoriasis.

Keywords:

• apremilast
• biological therapy
• Otezla®
• phosphodiesterase 4
• psoriasis
• small molecule

Acknowledgments

MS Chimenti and T Gramiccia contributed equally to this work.

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.