Modulation of sensitivity and resistance to multikinase inhibitors by microenvironmental platelet factors in HCC

Abstract

Introduction: Response of a tumor to chemotherapy or multikinase inhibitor therapy has been traditionally thought to be a reflection of the sum of the characteristics of both the drug and of the tumor cell resistance mechanisms. More recently, there has been a growing awareness of the role of non-tumor factors-both cellular and humoral-in the tumor microenvironment that can increase or decrease the tumor cellular responses to the therapy. This article focuses on platelet factors in clinical HCC and experimental evidence that they provide growth stimulants that can antagonize the growth inhibitory effects of therapy.

Areas covered: Review of the mechanisms of multikinase cancer growth inhibitors and of the role of platelets in providing growth factors that can antagonize their effects.

Expert opinion: These new ideas and data show that the response of a tumor to multikinase inhibitors or chemotherapy may be strongly influenced by microenvironmental factors. Conversely, antagonists to these environmental factors, such as EGFR inhibitors and IGF1-R inhibitors, might be expected to augment the anti-tumor effect of both chemotherapy and multikinase inhibitors.

Keywords:

• microenvironment
• platelets
• regorafenib
• resistance
• sorafenib