Treatment of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic kidney disease: a review

Abstract

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the two leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the present pharmacologic and adverse events involved in the treatment of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in patients with CKD. Proper management of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, a common co-morbidity associated with CKD, would slow the progression of kidney disease and reduce healthcare expenditures. Awareness of potential side effects due to the medications or renal insufficiency could prevent unnecessary harm to the patient and provide cost-containment. Active involvement of all healthcare team members can reduce progression of CKD and improve quality of life outcomes in CKD patients.

Keywords::

• ACE-I
• ARB
• chronic kidney disease
• costs
• diabetes mellitus
• hypertension
• quality of life

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Milap Nahata for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript and providing critical suggestion.

Disclosure

No external funding was obtained for this paper.