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Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy Volume 8, 2008 - Issue 8
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Reviews

New therapeutic applications for the anticoagulant, activated protein C

Chris Jackson University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Department of Rheumatology, Level 1, Block 4, St Leonards NSW, 2065 Australia +61 2 99266043; +61 2 99266269; [email protected]
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Kaley Whitmont University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Department of Rheumatology, Level 1, Block 4, St Leonards NSW, 2065 Australia +61 2 99266043; +61 2 99266269; [email protected]
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Sara Tritton University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Department of Rheumatology, Level 1, Block 4, St Leonards NSW, 2065 Australia +61 2 99266043; +61 2 99266269; [email protected]
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Lyn March University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Department of Rheumatology, Level 1, Block 4, St Leonards NSW, 2065 Australia +61 2 99266043; +61 2 99266269; [email protected]
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Philip Sambrook University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Department of Rheumatology, Level 1, Block 4, St Leonards NSW, 2065 Australia +61 2 99266043; +61 2 99266269; [email protected]
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Meilang Xue University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Department of Rheumatology, Level 1, Block 4, St Leonards NSW, 2065 Australia +61 2 99266043; +61 2 99266269; [email protected]
Pages 1109-1122 | Published online: 09 Jul 2008
 
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Abstract

Background: Activated protein C (APC) is derived from its precursor, protein C (PC). Originally thought to be synthesised exclusively by the liver, recent reports have shown that PC is also produced by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, keratinocytes and some leukocytes. Objective: To provide an update on the emerging therapeutic effects of APC. Results/conclusion: APC functions as an anticoagulant with cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. In vitro and preclinical data have revealed that APC exerts its protective effects via an intriguing mechanism requiring endothelial protein C receptor and protease activated receptor-1. Approved as a therapeutic agent for severe sepsis, APC is emerging as a potential treatment for a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including spinal cord injury, asthma, chronic wounds and possibly rheumatoid arthritis. The future therapeutic uses of APC look very promising.

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