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Abstract
Background: Heart transplantation is a well-established therapeutic option for many patients with end-stage heart disease. A major challenge in heart transplantation today is providing effective immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection while minimizing the many adverse effects of currently available therapies. Objective: To systematically review current immunosuppressive treatment strategies after heart transplantation and to review emerging drugs in various stages of development. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed using the online PubMed and Pharmaprojects databases. Results/conclusions: This article gives an overview of the immunosuppressive agents in current use, with a detailed review of emerging drugs with novel therapeutic targets.
Keywords::
- acute rejection
- AEB071
- alefacept
- alemtuzumab
- antibody-mediated rejection
- antiproliferative agents
- antithymocyte globulin
- atacicept
- azathioprine
- basiliximab
- belatacept
- belimumab
- bortezomib
- calcineurin inhibitor
- cardiac allograft vasculopathy
- cellular rejection
- chronic rejection
- ciclosporin
- corticosteroids
- CP-690550
- daclizumab
- efalizumab
- epratuzumab
- everolimus
- FK778
- FTY720
- heart transplant
- immunosuppressant drugs
- induction regimen
- ISA247
- JAK-3 inhibitor
- KRP203
- monoclonal antibodies
- muromonab
- mycophenolate mofetil
- OKT3
- polyclonal antibodies
- proliferation signal inhibitors
- rapamycin
- sirolimus
- tacrolimus
- voclosporin