Memantine: a comprehensive review of safety and efficacy

Abstract

Background: Memantine is an uncompetitive antagonist of the N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor. It is now approved only for treatment of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, as a growing body of evidence indicates that disturbed glutamate neurotransmission may be central to the pathophysiology of such conditions as obesity, schizophrenia, depression, substance abuse, pain disorders and glaucoma, clinical trials have explored the role of memantine in these and other disorders. Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of the safety and efficacy of memantine across the range of clinical applications in which it has been studied. Methods: A search was done on Pubmed using keyword ‘memantine’ to identify clinical trials of memantine. Results/conclusion: At present, clinical trial evidence supports the use of memantine in only moderate-to-severe AD. Preliminary studies suggest benefit in frontotemporal dementia, alcohol dependence, post-traumatic stress disorder, headache and obesity, but rigorous clinical trials are needed to confirm these results. Available data indicate that across a range of clinical applications, memantine is a safe and well-tolerated drug.

Keywords::

• age-associated memory impairment
• alcohol dependence
• Alzheimer's
• amyotropic lateral sclerosis
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• autism
• bipolar disorder
• cholinesterase inhibitor
• cocaine dependence
• dementia
• frontotemporal dementia
• glaucoma
• headache
• Huntington's disease
• major depression
• memantine
• migraine
• neuropathic pain
• nicotine dependence
• nystagmus
• obsessive–compulsive disorder
• opiate dependence
• pervasive development disorder
• phantom limb pain
• pharmacology
• postherpetic neuralgia
• post-traumatic stress disorder
• safety
• schizophrenia
• substance abuse
• vascular dementia