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Breast cancer: occurrence, risk factors and hormone metabolism

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Pages 546-562 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014
 

Abstract

Breast cancer is by far the most frequent cancer among women worldwide. Its determinants include reproductive events, exogenous and endogenous hormone levels and metabolism, exposures, such as radiation and chemicals, and genetics. This paper will review available evidence from all of these areas, exploring the occurrence of cancer, risk factors for occurrence and the hormonal milieu that underlies it.

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