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Abstract
In the second section of a two-part article, the recent literature is reviewed and the management of nonmuscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is discussed. Particular attention is given to the indications and timing of intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy and the differences in efficacy and side-effect profiles of the available agents. The indications and role of second-look transurethral resection are reviewed. Additionally, the role of bacillus Calmette–Guerin in the management of this disease in terms of definitive treatment and maintenance therapy is discussed. We also offer a review of the literature regarding therapies for bacillus Calmette–Guerin-refractory nonmuscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and their current place in practice.