Recent progress in urinary proteome analysis for prostate cancer diagnosis and management

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is fifth leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in men worldwide. Although the application of the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening test resulted in an increase in the PCa diagnosed cases, it demonstrated a negligible benefit regarding the associated mortality. Treatment options vary, with active surveillance to be preferable for patients with low-risk PCa and therapy of advanced castration-resistant PCa to rely on α-emitters and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Although recent developments have led to the approval of novel drugs for the treatment of castration-resistant PCa, the optimal sequence and timing of medication have not been yet determined. New screening modalities could improve the discriminatory accuracy between tumors with favorable clinical prognosis. Implementation of proteomic-based biomarkers appears to be a promising improvement, which could enable a more accurate diagnosis, guide treatment and improve patient outcome. Reviewed here are urinary proteome-based approaches for detection of PCa and patient management.

KEYWORDS:

• Biomarker
• diagnosis
• clinical proteomics
• prostate cancer
• proteome
• urine

Financial & competing interests disclosure

This work was supported in part by the BCMolMed grant PITN-GA-2012-317450 BCMolMed and TransBioBC grant (601933) from the FP7-Health project funded by the European Commission. H Mischak is the founder and co-owner of Mosaiques Diagnostics (Hannover, Germany). M Frantzi is employed by Mosaiques Diagnostics.The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Supplementary material available online

Tables S1 and S2