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Abstract
To assess the epidemiological and economic impact of alternative quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine strategies in Norway, we adapted a previously published dynamic transmission model. Vaccination of girls and women aged 12–24 years reduced the incidence of HPV 6/11/16/18-related genital warts, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer by 94, 92 and 92% by year 100, respectively. The cost–effectiveness ratio for this strategy when compared with vaccinating girls before the age of 12 years only was 63,294 Norwegian kroner (€8272) per QALY gained. Based on this model and assumptions, implementation of a quadrivalent HPV vaccine national program in Norway could reduce the incidence of cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and genital warts at a cost–effectiveness ratio within the range accepted as cost effective.
Acknowledgment
We would like to thank Ivar Sønbø Kristiansen (Institute of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Norway) and Jan F Nygård (Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population based Cancer Research, Norway) who contributed to the collection of inputs parameters and Ralph Insinga for his helpful comments on this manuscript.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
Funding for this study was provided by Merck & Co., Inc. and Sanofi Pasteur MSD. Erik Dasbach and Elamin Elbasha are employed by Merck & Co., Inc. Nathalie Largeron is employed by Sanofi Pasteur MSD. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.