Endovascular reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke: dissecting the evidence

ABSTRACT

Background: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability and intravenous thrombolysis has been the only approved acute reperfusion therapy (RT) for many years.

Methods: Seven randomized-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the safety and efficacy of endovascular therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) have been recently published.

Results: These studies have changed the treatment paradigm by establishing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) as the most effective acute stroke therapy for improving functional outcome in anterior circulation ELVO with a NNT of 6.

Conclusions: The present review will critically evaluate the results of these RCTs and of the existing meta-analyses investigating the safety and efficacy of endovascular therapy for AIS. Points of debate such as acute stroke imaging, posterior circulation stroke and general anesthesia will be addressed. We will also discuss health policies aiming to increase the availability of endovascular treatment for stroke patients.

KEYWORDS:

• Ischemic stroke
• intravenous thrombolysis
• mechanical thrombectomy
• endovascular
• reperfusion therapy
• stent retriever

Declaration of interest

G Tsivgoulis has been supported by European Regional Development Fund - Project FNUSA-ICRC (No. CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0123). AS Arthur is a consultant for Medtronic, Microvention, Penumbra, Sequent and Stryker and has research support from Sequent and Siemens. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.