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Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Volume 11, 2013 - Issue 7
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Review

Photodynamic inactivation of biofilm: taking a lightly colored approach to stubborn infection

Wanessa CMA de Melo The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Bioengenharia–ESC/FMRP/IQSC, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
,
Pinar Avci The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
,
Milene Nóbrega de Oliveira Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Bioengenharia–ESC/FMRP/IQSC, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Bioengenharia–ESC/FMRP/IQSC, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Asheesh Gupta The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi-110 054, India; The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi-110 054, India
,
Daniela Vecchio The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
,
Magesh Sadasivam The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rakkiyappan Chandran The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Ying-Ying Huang The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Rui Yin The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China; The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
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Livia R Perussi Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Odontologia, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Odontologia, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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George P Tegos The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Center for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Center for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Janice R Perussi Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Bioengenharia–ESC/FMRP/IQSC, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Bioengenharia–ESC/FMRP/IQSC, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tianhong Dai The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
&
Michael R Hamblin The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. [email protected]; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. [email protected]; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Pages 669-693 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014
 
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Abstract

Microbial biofilms are responsible for a variety of microbial infections in different parts of the body, such as urinary tract infections, catheter infections, middle-ear infections, gingivitis, caries, periodontitis, orthopedic implants, and so on. The microbial biofilm cells have properties and gene expression patterns distinct from planktonic cells, including phenotypic variations in enzymic activity, cell wall composition and surface structure, which increase the resistance to antibiotics and other antimicrobial treatments. There is consequently an urgent need for new approaches to attack biofilm-associated microorganisms, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may be a promising candidate. aPDT involves the combination of a nontoxic dye and low-intensity visible light which, in the presence of oxygen, produces cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. It has been demonstrated that many biofilms are susceptible to aPDT, particularly in dental disease. This review will focus on aspects of aPDT that are designed to increase efficiency against biofilms modalities to enhance penetration of photosensitizer into biofilm, and a combination of aPDT with biofilm-disrupting agents.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors were supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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