Abstract
This article reviews the present state of small-diameter vascular substitution, the mechanisms of graft failure and the ongoing matters of graft design, with particular attention to small-caliber grafts. Tissue engineering of blood vessels with the mechanical properties of native vessels and with the antithrombotic properties required is really a great challenge. Recent advances, however, indicate that the goal of providing a tissue-engineered vascular graft that will remain patent in vivo for substantial periods of time, is achievable. This review describes the specific requirements of the successful replacement artery from a biomaterial- and tissue-engineering perspective, as well as various approaches in vascular tissue engineering including cells and cell sources, scaffolds and their improvements as well as bioreactors and signaling.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.