Advances in the molecular genetics of ocular coloboma

Abstract

Ocular coloboma is a developmental anomaly of the eye that results from incomplete closure of the optic fissure, occurring 5–7 weeks post conception. Congenital colobomata are important causes of childhood visual impairment and blindness. This defect typically affects the iris, cornea, ciliary body, zonules, retina, choroid and optic nerve. Colobomata can be seen in isolation and in combination with an impressive number of multisystem disorders. As yet, no effective treatment is available for this condition and management is only supportive. Based upon animal studies of coloboma, mendelian genetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities, the molecular and genetic mechanisms that regulate optic fissure morphogenesis are now being discovered. Defining the genes and environmental factors involved in coloboma formation will aid in the development of potential therapies for patients with this malformation. This review explores the progress in understanding the clinical and molecular aspects of ocular coloboma.

Keywords::

• coloboma
• congenital causes of blindness development
• eye
• gene
• optic fissure