Autoimmunity in X-linked agammaglobulinemia: Kawasaki disease and review of the literature

Abstract

Although autoimmunity phenotype is surprisingly common in patients with different types of primary antibody deficiency, it is much less frequent in X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Herein, we report on a 15-month-old boy with XLA who also suffered from Kawasaki disease. The current case presentation is the first report of an association between Kawasaki disease and XLA. XLA could be considered as a special opportunity to understand autoimmunity in the near absence of immunoglobulins.

Keywords::

• autoimmunity
• Kawasaki disease
• X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Ethical conduct of research

The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. In addition, for investigations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participant involved.