Abstract
Surgery for congenital heart disease has changed considerably during the last decade. Improved surgical results in patients with simple congenital heart disease and new interventional cardiology procedures have stimulated the surgeon to adopt minimally invasive techniques with the aim of reducing the patient’s surgical insult and obtaining good functional and cosmetic results. As a consequence, new surgical techniques and special equipment for minimally invasive heart procedures have been developed and refined in recent years. This article reports on our institutional protocols for minimally invasive surgery in children and adults with congenital heart disease.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties. the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.