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Abstract
miRNAs are noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. The advent of high-throughput techniques has revealed that miRNA expression is deregulated in almost all human tumors (both solid and hematologic) with respect to the normal tissue counterpart. These differences frequently recur in tumor-specific miRNA signatures, which are very helpful to diagnose the tissue of origin of the neoplasia, and sometimes also specific tumor subtypes. Increasing evidence also supports a role for miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers of human cancers. Finally, miRNAs are differentially expressed in the blood of cancer patients versus healthy donors, providing a rationale for the detection of miRNAs and diagnostic and prognostic circulating biomarkers.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
The author has no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.