Electromagnetic navigation in lung cancer: research update

Abstract

Unfortunately, flexible bronchoscopy, the least invasive bronchoscopic procedure, is of limited value for obtaining tissue from lesions in the peripheral segments of the lung. Biopsy success is further compromised if the lesion is less than 3 cm in diameter. The main limitation of flexible bronchoscopy is the difficulty in reaching peripheral lesions with the accessory tools. In this paper, we will discuss a new bronchoscopic advance in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Once extended beyond the tip of the bronchoscope, these tools are difficult to guide to the desired location. Localizing the lesion under fluoroscopy is difficult, and alternative diagnostic guidance methods, such as computer tomography-guided bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound, are more demanding. Therefore, new methods for navigation and localization are needed. One of these new technologies is electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy. The aim of this special report is to provide an analysis of the published literature. A literature search was constructed and performed on PubMed to identify the literature from 2000 to 2008. The search words were ‘electromagnetic navigation’, ‘coin lesion’, ‘solitary pulmonary nodule’ and ‘lung cancer’. We review a number of recent studies that utilize electromagnetic navigation and guidance, and analyze their performance characteristics for clinical applications of the technology. Electromagnetic navigation is likely to play an increasing and integral role in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer in the near future. Electromagnetic registration may impact both the staging and diagnosis of peripheral lesions.

Keywords::

• bronchoscopy
• electromagnetic navigation
• lung cancer
• solitary pulmonary nodule
• staging

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.