https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-2454
Dear editor
Kolli et al shed light on a pertinent issue of poor adherence to therapy in the treatment of prurigo nodularis (PN).Citation1 While our intention was to cover recalcitrance in the sense of medical failure, Kolli et al bring up an extremely valuable point: adherence to therapy is dismal.Citation2 Escalation of therapy as a result of poor compliance may result in unintended adverse effects from the more potent systemic therapies delineated in the treatment of PN. Thus, ensuring compliance with the treatment protocol should be a priority.
In our view, PN is most often a phenotypic manifestation of chronic pruritus secondary to a host of diseases. Presumably, the relative adherence to treatment for the underlying cause of the PN, in cases where there is one, has a large role to play in the recalcitrance of the PN. This is perhaps most glaring in the case of atopic dermatitis (AD). AD has been identified to contribute to PN development in nearly 50% of PN patients.Citation3 Assessment of nonadherence, as well as steroid phobia has been well documented in the AD population and almost certainly contributes to the development of clinically deemed recalcitrant PN in this population.Citation4,Citation5 Because of the well-established efficacy of topical corticosteroids in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, it is likely that atopic PN would prove more responsive. Thus, “treatment resistant” atopic PN, requires serious consideration of nonadherence. Clinical data on nonadherence in nonatopic PN patients, however, remains undetermined.
Regardless of the primary underlying cause, patients receiving supervised phototherapy in the outpatient setting offer insight into truly recalcitrant PN due to complete adherence. A recent review on phototherapy in treatment of PN showed that in 5 out of 11 studies, patients experienced recalcitrant disease.Citation6 Thus, even in a supervised setting where adherence could be monitored, numerous cases were recalcitrant.
Innovation in adherence strategies across a wide spectrum of therapies ideally will result in fewer “treatment-resistant” cases.Citation7–Citation9 We agree with Kolli et al, that it remains vital to distinguish between poor adherence and medical failure.
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this communication.
References
- Kolli SS, Haidari W, Feldman SR. Treatment-resistant prurigo nodularis [letter]. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. In press 2019.
- Kowalski EH, Kneiber D, Valdebran M, Patel U, Amber KT. Treatment-resistant prurigo nodularis: challenges and solutions. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2019;12:163–172. doi:10.2147/CCID.S188070
- Iking A, Grundmann S, Chatzigeorgakidis E, Phan NQ, Klein D, Ständer S. Prurigo as a symptom of atopic and non-atopic diseases: aetiological survey in a consecutive cohort of 108 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(5):550–557. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04481.x22364653
- Bos B, Antonescu I, Osinga H, Veenje S, de Jong K, de Vries TW. Corticosteroid phobia (corticophobia) in parents of young children with atopic dermatitis and their health care providers. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019;36(1):100–104. doi:10.1111/pde.1369830338542
- Patel N, Feldman SR. Adherence in atopic dermatitis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1027:139–159. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64804-0_1229063437
- Nakamura M, Koo JY. Phototherapy for the treatment of prurigo nodularis: a review. Dermatol Online J. 2016;22(4). pii:13030/qt4b07778z
- Armstrong AW, Johnson MA, Lin S, Maverakis E, Fazel N, Liu FT. Patient-centered, direct-access online care for management of atopic dermatitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(2):154–160. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.229925338198
- Cline A, Unrue EL, Collins A, Feldman SR. Adherence to a novel home phototherapy system with integrated features. Dermatol Online J. 2019;25(3).pii:13030/qt1rw9f75h
- Singer HM, Levin LE, Morel KD, Garzon MC, Stockwell MS, Lauren CT. Texting atopic dermatitis patients to optimize learning and eczema area and severity index scores: a pilot randomized control trial. Pediatr Dermatol. 2018;35(4):453–457. doi:10.1111/pde.1351029722071