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Abstract
Hommersand M.H., Leister G.L., RamÍrez M.E., Gabrielson P.W. and Nelson W.A. 2010. A morphological and phylogenetic study of Glaphyrosiphon gen. nov. (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) based on Grateloupia intestinalis with descriptions of two new species: Glaphyrosiphon lindaueri from New Zealand and Glaphyrosiphon chilensis from Chile. Phycologia 49: 554–573. DOI: 10.2216/09-106.1
A new genus, Glaphyrosiphon Hommersand & Leister gen. nov., is proposed to contain the generitype Glaphyrosiphon intestinalis (Harvey) Leister & W.A. Nelson comb. nov., a species known in New Zealand under the name Grateloupia intestinalis (Hooker. f. & Harvey) Setchell ex P.G. Parkinson, and two additional species: Glaphyrosiphon lindaueri W.A. Nelson & P.W. Gabrielson sp. nov. from the northern part of New Zealand and Glaphyrosiphon chilensis M.E. Ramírez, Leister, and P.W. Gabrielson sp. nov. in the southern part of Chile from Valdivia (Región de Los Ríos), to Punta Arenas in the Strait of Magellan (Región de Magallanes). Thalli are borne singly or in clusters from a small discoid holdfast and consist of simple or one- to three-times-branched slippery tubes that are copiously filled with mucilage. The medulla consists of a one- to several-layered network inside the cortex composed of stellate cells that interconnect by short to long extensions linked by pit connections. Primary rhizoidal filaments are absent. Spermatangia are superficial on terminal cortical cells. Carpogonial and auxiliary-cell ampullae are formed separately and link by unsegmented tubular connecting filaments, as in other Halymeniaceae. The auxiliary-cell ampulla consists of a basal cell and four unilaterally branched filaments in which the auxiliary cell is the basal cell of one of the four filaments. The auxiliary cell and inner ampullar filaments unite forming a fusion cell. Ampullar filaments connect terminally to inner cortical cells and laterally with one another by short filaments and pit connections that form an involucral network surrounding the gonimolobes. Tetrasporangia are cruciately divided and borne laterally on filaments produced secondarily from surface cortical cells. Sequence analyses of the rbcL gene place Glaphyrosiphon sister to Polyopes in the Halymeniaceae. The two New Zealand species consist of southern and northern clades separated by 1.2% to 1.7% base-pair distances in rbcL analyses and a Chilean species that forms a single clade separated from the New Zealand clades by 3.9% to 4.4% base-pair distances. Records of Grateloupia intestinalis from Tasmania have not been studied.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This project was supported in part by NSF PEET (USA) grant DEB-032841 to M.H.H., by NSF grant DEB 0937978 to Lopez-Bautista, Hommersand and Fredericq, and by FRST CO1X0502 (New Zealand) to W.A.N. The curators of the following herbaria: BM, LD, S, and TCD, have been generous in providing samples for comparative study. Type material was scanned and made available through the courtesy of John Parnell at TCD and Joanna Wilbraham, curator of the algae at BM. This study was facilitated by a research grant (GV 31766) from the National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs, a grant that included allocation of ship time on board the R/V Hero. Dr Richard Searles and Dr John Brauner assisted with both research cruises and with subsequent studies. Travel funds and subsistence for studies at 12 northern European herbaria were received through a Duke University Doctoral Dissertation Award and NSF Grant 75-21500 for Improving Doctoral Dissertation Research to G.L.L. Additional collections were contributed by D.W. Freshwater at UNC Wilmington, R. D'Archino in New Zealand and Akira Peters in Chile. We acknowledge the assistance of Jenn Dalen, Herbarium, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa for access to specimens and associated data and to Fran Hommersand, Herbarium of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for her help in curating the algal collections at NCU. We are indebted to Peter D. Bostock for the Latin versions of the diagnoses, to Susan Whitfield for her expertise in the preparation of the illustrations, to D. Wilson Freshwater for his contributions to the molecular analyses, and to Michael Wynne for advice concerning the nomenclature.