Abstract
Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD) is a complex 3D entity associating various factors including age-related changes. While coronal deformation is well understood, sagittal plane evaluation of the normal and aging spine with associated deformity must be taken into account for optimal management of patients. Using a specific classification system, thresholds of correction have been identified and correlated with outcomes. A wide range of surgical procedures have been described for ASD patients and, although excellent outcomes can be achieved, complications are commonly reported. Integration of time as a fourth dimension and further outcomes-related research will increase our knowledge and help to identify treatment algorithms for the management of ASD.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.