Noncoding RNAs Orchestrate Cell Growth, Death and Drug Resistance in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Aim: We aimed to explore the roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in renal cell carcinoma. Materials & methods: The altered expressions of miR-196a2, miR-499a, H19, MALAT1 and GAS5, as well as some target transcripts were identified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Up-regulation of miR-196a2, E2F3, HSPA4 and MALAT1 (median fold change: 5.69, 25.6, 4.15 and 19.6, respectively) and down-regulation of miR-499a, GAS5, PDCD4, ANXA1 and DFFA (median fold change: 0.28, 0.25, 0.12, 0.09 and 0.08, respectively) were reported compared with paired non-cancer tissue. PDCD4, DFFA and GAS5 down-regulation was associated with poor prognosis in terms of high grade, larger tumor, nodal invasion, capsular and pelvic infiltration. Conclusion: The identified ncRNAs could represent potential theranostic biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma.

Graphical abstract

Keywords::

• cancer epigenetics
• gene expression
• prognosis
• RT-qPCR
• renal cell carcinoma

EA Toraih and MS Fawzy conceived and designed the work. MH Hussein recruited the study samples and clinical patient data. EA Toraih, MS Fawzy, E Al Ageeli and S Al-Qahtanie contributed parts of the experiments, EA contributed to the statistical and analyses, MS Fawzy critically revised the manuscript. All authors contributed the reagents and materials needed for the current work, and all authors contributed in writing, reading and approval of the final manuscript.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank all public database projects and their team members for making their data available.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Ethical conduct of research

The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human research investigations. The informed consent has been waved as the current samples were archived in the pathology departments of the specified hospitals mentioned in the methodology.