Metabolic Syndrome in Prostate Cancer: Impact on Risk and Outcomes

ABSTRACT

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is a fundamental element of treatment for nonlocalized prostate cancer and for patients with high-risk disease who are not candidates for radical treatment. ADT has been linked to metabolic syndrome, which involves changes in metabolic factors. While distinct from classic metabolic syndrome, this type does include changes in body composition, lipid profiles and insulin resistance. The constellation of risk factors may be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and the onset of diabetes mellitus. Physicians should discuss in detail the risk and benefits of ADT, as well as any needed lifestyle modifications with patients before beginning therapy.

KEYWORDS:

• androgen-deprivation therapy
• androgen receptor
• cardiovascular risk
• diabetes
• gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist
• hypertriglyceridemia
• insulin resistance
• metabolic syndrome
• prostate cancer

Author contributions

All authors contributed equally to this paper.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.