HIV Antivirals: Targeting the Functional Organization of the Lipid Envelope

Abstract

Most of the surface of the lipid bilayer covering the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particle is directly accessible from the aqueous medium. Its peculiar chemical composition and physical properties appear to be critical for infection and, therefore, may comprise a target for selective antiviral activity. The HIV-1 membrane is enriched in raft-type lipids and also displays aminophospholipids on its external leaflet. We contend here that a great deal of membrane-active compounds described to block HIV-1 infection can do so by following a common mechanism of action: alteration of the lateral heterogeneity that supports the functional organization of the lipid envelope. The confirmation of this hypothesis could lay new foundations for the rational development of compounds with anti-HIV activity.

Keywords: :

• antiviral
• entry inhibitors
• HIV-1

Financial & competing interests disclosure

JL Nieva was supported by the Spanish MINECO (grant: BIO2015-64421-R) and the Basque Government (grant: IT838-13). P Carravilla received a pre-doctoral fellowship from the Basque Government. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.