Osteoclastogenesis/Osteoblastogenesis using Human Bone Marrow-Derived Cocultures on Nanotopographical Polymer Surfaces

Abstract

Background: Optimised nanotopography with controlled disorder (NSQ50) has been shown to stimulate osteogenesis and new bone formation in vitro. Following osteointegration the implant interface must undergo constant remodeling without inducing immune response. Aim: We aimed to assess the effect of nanotopography on bone remodelling using osteoclast and osteoblast cocultures. Materials & Methods: We developed a novel osteoblast/osteoclast coculture using solely human bone marrow derived mesenchymal and hematopeotic progenitor cells without extraneous supplementation. The coculture was been applied to NSQ50 or flat control polycarbonate substrates and assessed using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR methods. Results: These confirm the presence of mature osteoclasts, osteoblasts and bone formation in coculture. Osteoblast differentiation increased on NSQ50, with no significant difference in osteoclast differentiation. Conclusion: Controlled disorder nanotopography appears to be selectively bioactive. We recommend this coculture method to be a better in vitro approximation of the osseous environment encountered by implants.

Keywords::

• nanotopography
• osteoblast/osteoclast coculture
• osteointegration
• stem cells

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of Carol-Anne Smith, Andrew Wilkinson and the West of Scotland Orthopaedic Research Society.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

MJ Dalby, PM Tsimbouri, N Gadegaard and RMD Meek are funded by grants from BBSRC, Wellcome Trust, EPSRC and MRC. PS Young was funded by grants from The Robertson Trust (RCS Edinburgh), NHS GGC and WOSORS. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Ethical conduct

The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. In addition, for investigations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.

Additional information

Funding

MJ Dalby, PM Tsimbouri, N Gadegaard and RMD Meek are funded by grants from BBSRC, Wellcome Trust, EPSRC and MRC. PS Young was funded by grants from The Robertson Trust (RCS Edinburgh), NHS GGC and WOSORS. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.