Clinical Pharmacogenomics: Patient Perspectives of Pharmacogenomic Testing and the Incidence of Actionable Test Results in a Chronic Disease Cohort

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to examine pharmacogenomic test results and patient perspectives at an academic cardiovascular medicine clinic. Patients & methods: Test results for three common cardiovascular drug–gene tests (warfarin-CYP2C9-VKORC1, clopidogrel-CYP2C19 and simvastatin-SLCO1B1) of 208 patients in the Ohio State University-Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative were examined to determine the incidence of potentially actionable test results. A post-hoc, anonymous, patient survey was also conducted. Results: Potentially actionable test results for at least one of the three drug–gene tests were determined in 170 (82%) patients. Survey responses (n = 134) suggested that patients generally considered their test results to be important (median of 7.5 on a 10-point scale of importance) and were interested (median of 7.3 on a 10-point scale of interest) in a Clinical Pharmacogenomic Service. Conclusion: Attitudes toward pharmacogenomic testing were generally favorable, and potentially actionable test results were not uncommon in this cardiovascular medicine cohort.

Keywords::

• actionable test results
• cardiovascular drugs
• clopidogrel
• patient perspectives
• personalized medicine
• pharmacogenetics
• pharmacogenomics
• precision medicine
• simvastatin
• warfarin

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative was funded by the William G. Rohrer Foundation, the RNR Foundation and a grant from the endowment of the Coriell Institute for Medical Research. This work was supported by the NIH (grant awards R21HG006575, K23GM100372, L32MD006365, L30HL110279, UL1TR001070) and the American Heart Association (grant award 14POST20100054). The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or the American Heart Association. This work was also supported in part by the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Ethical conduct of research

The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. In addition, for investigations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.

Additional information

Funding

The Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative was funded by the William G. Rohrer Foundation, the RNR Foundation and a grant from the endowment of the Coriell Institute for Medical Research. This work was supported by the NIH (grant awards R21HG006575, K23GM100372, L32MD006365, L30HL110279, UL1TR001070) and the American Heart Association (grant award 14POST20100054). The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or the American Heart Association. This work was also supported in part by the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.